Biochemistry of Functional Mushrooms
Discover below the main groups of molecules found in mushrooms, studied by scientists for their beneficial effects on health: beta-glucans, antioxidants, Hericium compounds, and Reishi triterpenes.
Key Molecules of Interest
The fungal kingdom, like the plant kingdom, produces a plethora of molecules ranging from the most toxic to the most beneficial for our bodies, by interacting with certain metabolic pathways. Focusing here only on the best-known beneficial molecules from mushrooms, we can distinguish four particularly interesting groups, well documented by scientific research:
Beta-glucans:
Remarkable sugars that, far beyond their nutritional role, activate essential metabolic pathways to strengthen our immune system and optimize overall health.
Antioxidants:
Small but powerful molecules that protect our bodies against chemical attacks from free radicals.
Bioactive compounds from Hericium:
Notably hericenones and erinacines, molecules that play a crucial role in stimulating neuronal growth and protecting the brain by promoting the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF).
Reishi triterpenes:
Such as ganoderic acids, which are believed to have anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties, contributing to cardiovascular protection and immune regulation.
Beta-glucans
Beta-glucans are natural sugar-based polymers belonging to the large family of polysaccharides.
Unlike alpha-glucans, which mainly serve as energy reserves (like starch and glycogen), beta-glucans often have a structural function. They are found in the cell walls of bacteria, yeasts, cereal grains, algae, and especially mushrooms, where they are present in varying amounts.
These complex chains of glucose molecules can combine in different ways. Only short chains with beta-1,3/1,6 linkages, specific to mushrooms, seem to have remarkable functional properties, such as those found in Pleurotus pleuran or Shiitake lentinan.
The effects of beta-glucans on the body are particularly interesting, especially on the immune system. They are able to stimulate and strengthen the body’s natural defenses, making them valuable for maintaining good overall health.
Antioxidants
How they work:
Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to chronic diseases. They do this by trapping free radicals and transforming them into stable, harmless molecules.
Health benefits:
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Immune system boost: Stimulate lymphocyte production, strengthening natural defenses.
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Cancer protection: Protect DNA from mutations caused by free radicals, limiting the risk of tumor development.
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Cardiovascular disease prevention: Reduce oxidation of LDL cholesterol (“bad cholesterol”) and improve blood vessel health.
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Cognitive function improvement: Neuroprotective action preserves brain cells from oxidative damage, supporting memory and cognitive functions.
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Anti-inflammatory properties: Reduce chronic inflammation, a key factor in diseases such as arthritis or diabetes.
Star Compounds of Hericium
Hericenones are bioactive compounds found in the fruiting body of the mushroom Hericium erinaceus.
They stimulate the production of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which promotes neuronal regeneration and strengthens synaptic connections.
Mechanisms of action:
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Neuroprotection: Hericenones act as antioxidants, protecting neurons from oxidative damage and reducing inflammation.
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Cognitive support: Improve memory and learning, and may slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
By integrating hericenones into your routine, you can enjoy better brain and cognitive health, as well as anti-aging effects thanks to their antioxidant action. 🌱🧠
Triterpènes du Reishi
Reishi triterpenes, notably ganoderic acids, are bioactive compounds recognized for their multiple properties. They are present in the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, used for centuries for its health benefits.
Key properties:
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Anti-inflammatory: Reduce chronic inflammation, often at the root of degenerative diseases.
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Antioxidant: Neutralize free radicals, preventing premature cell aging.
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Immunomodulatory: Regulate the immune system, strengthening natural defenses.
Health effects:
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Cardiovascular protection: Help lower blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.
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Antitumor action: Studied for their ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
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General well-being support: Reduce stress and promote relaxation, improving quality of life.
