Hericium erinaceus transcends its reputation as a “memory mushroom” to establish itself as an exceptional modulator of the immune system. This page compiles research demonstrating its action on the two pillars of biological defense: innate immunity (activation of macrophages and NK cells) and adaptive immunity (lymphocyte proliferation). Beyond its polysaccharides, its unique proteins (HEP3) work in synergy with the gut microbiota to restore immune vigilance, particularly after intensive treatments or antibiotic therapy. By protecting vital organs against oxidative damage and promoting the elimination of pathogens, Hericium stands as a strategic resource in integrative oncology and global immune prevention.

Structure characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies and its immunomodulatory activities – Fangfang Wu & Al.
Experiment: in vivo (mus musculus – mouse)
Download the original paper (not open access, work in progress)

Summary: This in vivo study characterized a novel polysaccharide (HEP-S) extracted from the Hericium erinaceus fruiting body and evaluated its immunomodulatory properties. Researchers observed that this compound significantly increases the defense capacity of macrophages and stimulates the production of essential cytokines. Furthermore, the results show an enhancement of the adaptive immune response through the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. As a global activator of the immune system, this polysaccharide positions Hericium as a leading functional ingredient for strengthening immune vigilance and the response to pathogens.

Immunomodulatory Activities of a Fungal Protein Extracted from Hericium erinaceus through Regulating the Gut Microbiota  – Chen Diling & Al.
Experiment: in vivo (mus musculus – mouse)
Download the original paper

Summary: This in vivo study highlights the immunomodulatory properties of a specific protein (HEP3) extracted from Hericium erinaceus. Researchers observed that this protein acts as an inflammation regulator by inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways (NF-κB) and modulating cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β). Most importantly, the study reveals that the immune efficacy of Hericium is driven by fine-tuning the gut microbiota. Capable of restoring immunity after immunosuppressive treatments or antibiotic courses, the HEP3 protein positions this mushroom as a leading ally for immune recovery and intestinal barrier support.

Immunomodulatory effects of Hericium erinaceus derived polysaccharides are mediated by intestinal immunology  – Xiaotong Sheng & Al.
Experiment: in vivo (mus musculus – mouse)
Download the original paper

Summary: This in vivo study demonstrates that Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEP) globally strengthen the immune system by acting directly on the gut mucosal immunity. Researchers observed significant activation of both cellular (lymphocytes) and humoral immunity, alongside increased NK cell (Natural Killer) activity and phagocytosis. The findings highlight an increased secretion of IgA (protective antibodies) within the intestinal wall, activated through specific signaling pathways (MAPK, AKT). As a regulator of mucosal immunity, Hericium stands out as a primary support for fortifying the body’s first lines of defense.

Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts protect infected mice against Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced liver damage and mortality by stimulation of innate immune cells  – Sung Phil Kim & Al.
Experiment: in vivo (mus musculus – mouse)
Download the original paper (not open access, work in progress)

Summary: This in vivo study evaluated the protective effect of Hericium erinaceus extracts against Salmonella Typhimurium infection. While the extract does not directly inhibit bacterial growth, researchers observed that it significantly stimulates phagocytosis (bacterial engulfment) by macrophages and increases the production of nitric oxide (NO), a key weapon of innate immunity. The results show significant protection against liver necrosis and an increased survival rate. As an activator of innate defenses, Hericium strengthens the body’s capacity to neutralize severe bacterial infections and protect vital organs from collateral damage.